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This LINK takes you to other signs of FLU and what to do:  https://www.fluzone.com/about-the-flu/flu-symptoms?&utm_source=google&utm_medium=cpc&utm_campaign=G_DTC_FZ_NB_SignsSymptoms_Exact&utm_term=signs+of+influenza&gclid=EAIaIQobChMIiNGSuuSO7QIVS73ACh1p3QG6EAAYASAAEgL23vD_BwE&gclsrc=aw.ds

Also, you will find another page for covid symptoms for you to compare to these flu symptoms!

 

Early Flu Symptoms

Detecting early symptoms of the flu can help to prevent the spread of the virus and possibly help you treat the illness before it gets worse. Early symptoms can include:

There are also early flu symptoms that are more unique to children.

Read on to learn more about all of these symptoms and how you can find relief.

 

 

Shorter days and reduced sunlight can make you feel tired. There’s a difference between being tired and experiencing extreme fatigue.

Sudden, excessive fatigue is one of the earliest symptoms of the flu. It may appear before other symptoms. Fatigue is also a symptom of the common cold, but it’s usually more severe with the flu.

Extreme weakness and tiredness may interfere with your normal activities. It’s important that you limit activities and allow your body to rest. Take a few days off from work or school and stay in bed. Rest can strengthen your immune system and help you fight the virus.

 

 

Body aches and chills are also common flu symptoms.

If you’re coming down with the flu virus, you may mistakenly blame body aches on something else, such as a recent workout. Body aches can manifest anywhere in the body, especially in the head, back, and legs.

Chills may also accompany body aches. The flu may cause chills even before a fever develops.

Wrapping yourself in a warm blanket can increase your body temperature and possibly reduce chills. If you have body aches, you can take over-the-counter pain relieving medication, such as acetaminophen (Tylenol) or ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin).

 

 

 

A persistent dry cough can indicate an early illness. It may be a warning sign of the flu. The flu virus can also cause a cough with wheezing and chest tightness. You might cough up phlegm or mucus. However, a productive cough is rare in flu’s early stages.

If you have respiratory problems, such as asthma or emphysema, you may need to call your doctor to prevent further complications. Also, contact your doctor if you notice foul smelling, colored phlegm. Flu complications can include bronchitis and pneumonia.

Take cough drops or cough medicine to calm your cough. Keeping yourself and your throat hydrated with lots of water and caffeine-free teas can also help. Always cover your cough and wash your hands to prevent spreading the infection.

 

 

 

Flu-related coughing can quickly lead to a sore throat. Some viruses, including influenza, can actually cause a swollen throat without a cough.

In the earliest stages of the flu, your throat may feel scratchy and irritated. You may also feel a strange sensation when you swallow food or drinks. If you have a sore throat, it’ll likely get worse as the viral infection progresses.

Stock up on caffeine-free tea, chicken noodle soup, and water. You can also gargle with 8 ounces of warm water, 1 teaspoon of salt, and 1/2 teaspoon of baking soda.

 

 

 

A fever is a sign that your body is fighting off an infection. Flu-related fevers are typically over 100.4˚F (38˚C).

A fever is a common symptom in early stages of the flu, but not everyone with the flu will have a fever. Also, you might experience chills with or without a fever while the virus runs its course.

Usually, acetaminophen and ibuprofen are both effective fever reducers, but these medications can’t cure the virus.

 

6. Gastrointestinal problems

 

Early flu symptoms can extend below the head, throat, and chest. Some strains of the virus can cause diarrhea, nausea, stomach pain, or vomiting.

Dehydration is a dangerous complication of diarrhea and vomiting. To avoid dehydration, drink water, sports drinks, unsweetened fruit juices, caffeine-free teas, or broth.

 

Flu symptoms in children

 

The flu virus also causes the above symptoms in children. However, your child may have other symptoms that require medical attention. These can include:

It can be hard to know the difference between the flu and a cold in children.

With both a cold and flu, your child can develop a cough, sore throat, and body aches. Symptoms are typically more severe with the flu. If your child doesn’t have a high fever or other severe symptoms, this may be an indication that they have a cold instead.

If you’re concerned about any symptoms your child has developed, you should call their pediatrician.

 

 

Emergency symptoms

 

The flu is a progressive illness. This means that symptoms will worsen before they get better. Not everyone responds the same to influenza virus. Your overall health can determine how severe your symptoms may be. The flu virus can be mild or severe.

Seek immediate medical care if you have the following symptoms:

 

Possible complications

 

Symptoms of the flu usually go away within a week or two. However, in some cases, the flu can cause additional complications, especially in people at high risk. Some possible complications include:

 

Recovery period

 

If you’ve been diagnosed with the flu, allow yourself a reasonable recovery period. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)Trusted Source recommends that you don’t go back to work until you’ve been fever-free for 24 hours without needing to take a fever reducing medication.

Even if you don’t have a fever, you should still consider staying home until other symptoms improve. It’s generally safe to return to work or school when you can resume normal activity without getting tired.

The recovery rate varies from person to person.

Antiviral drugs can possibly help speed up your recovery time and make the illness less severe. Even after feeling better, you might experience a lingering cough and fatigue for a few weeks. Always see your doctor if the flu symptoms come back or get worse after an initial recovery.

 

Protect yourself

 

During flu season, protecting yourself from respiratory viruses is a top priority.

The flu virus can spread through saliva droplets that are projected when an infected person coughs or sneezes.

These droplets can reach people and surfaces up to 6 feet away. You can be exposed by breathing air containing these droplets or by touching objects that these droplets have landed on.

 

Prevention

 

The good news is that the flu virus is preventable.

Getting a flu shot every year is one of the best ways to protect yourself. The flu shot is recommended for everyone ages 6 months and older, including pregnant women.

Here are a few other preventive measures:

 
Healthline has strict sourcing guidelines and relies on peer-reviewed studies, academic research institutions, and medical associations. We avoid using tertiary references. You can learn more about how we ensure our content is accurate and current by reading our editorial policy.
 
 
Medically reviewed by Stacy Sampson, D.O. — Written by Kristeen Cherney and Valencia Higuera on February 13, 2020
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

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How Long Do Flu Symptoms Last, and How Long Are You Contagious?

Flu duration

Influenza, commonly referred to as “the flu,” is a highly contagious respiratory infection caused by the influenza virus.

According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)Trusted Source, an uncomplicated influenza infection will last from three to seven days in most people, including children. However, a cough and feelings of weakness or fatigue can last for two weeks or longer.

Some people are at an increased risk for developing flu-related complications. These can include:

These complications can be due to influenza virus in itself or because of a secondary bacterial infection. Serious flu-related complications can lead to hospitalization and even death.

Additionally, flu infection may make preexisting conditions worse. For example, if you have asthma, you may experience more severe asthma attacks while you have the flu.

You’re at increased risk for developing flu-related complications if you:

  • are 65 years old or older
  • are younger than 5 years old and particularly younger than 2 years old
  • are of Native American (American Indian or Alaska Native) descent
  • are pregnant or two weeks postpartum
  • are extremely obese (BMI of 40 or more)
  • live in a nursing home or long-term care facility
  • have a weakened immune system, such as the kind seen in people with cancer or HIV
  • have a chronic illness, such as asthma, diabetes, or COPD
  • have a liver or kidney disorder

Do some strains of the flu last longer than other strains?

Although different influenza strains don’t generally affect the duration of illness, some strains (and subtypes of influenza A, like H3N2) can cause more severe illness than others.

According to the CDC, influenza A (H3N2) viruses have been associated with more hospitalizations and deaths in children and the elderly than other human influenza subtypes or strains, such as influenza A (H1N1) and influenza B.

Additionally, vaccine effectiveness for influenza A (H3N2) viruses has been generally lower.

Flu vs. cold duration

Despite having some overlapping symptoms, colds and the flu are two separate illnesses. Colds are typically milder than the flu. Cold symptoms will typically resolve in about 7 to 10 days and tend to not come on as fast as the flu. Flu symptoms may last for a couple of weeks.

Learn more about the differences between a cold and the flu.

 

 

It may take one to four days after exposure to the influenza virus for symptoms to develop.

If you have the flu, you’ll be contagiousTrusted Source one day before developing symptoms and up to five to seven days after becoming ill.

Younger children or people with a weakened immune system may be contagious for longer.

The influenza virus can also survive on surfaces, such as doorknobs and tables, for up to 24 hours. Viruses live longer on materials such as stainless steel, plastic, and other hard surfaces.

To avoid transmitting the virus to others, wash your hands frequently and avoid touching your face or mouth.

 

Treatment and home remedies

 

If you’re sick, be sure to drink plenty of liquids and get plenty of rest. You can also take over-the-counter pain and fever relievers, such as ibuprofen (Advil) or acetaminophen (Tylenol), to help relieve your symptoms.

Stay at home while you’re sick and for at least 24 hours after your fever has gone down.

In some cases, your doctor may prescribe an antiviral medication. Antiviral medications can reduce the length of your illness and may help prevent complications. They don’t kill the influenza virus, however.

Antiviral medications must be taken within 48 hours of the onset of symptoms in order to be effective.

Common antiviral prescriptions include:

The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA)Trusted Source also approved a new medication called baloxavir marboxil (Xofluza) in October 2018.

Receiving the flu vaccine can help prevent influenza infection from occurring in the first place. The vaccine won’t give you the flu.

There isn’t current scientific evidenceTrusted Source supporting the effectiveness of natural products or home remedies against the flu.

 

When to seek help

 

Most flu symptoms will typically resolve within a week. However, the flu can cause serious complications in groups with known risk factors or people who have preexisting conditions.

If you or your child experience any of the following symptoms, seek medical attention immediately:

Adults

  • trouble breathing or shortness of breath
  • pressure or pain in chest or abdomen
  • dizziness that comes on suddenly
  • confusion
  • vomiting
  • symptoms that seem to improve, but then return or worsen

Infants and children

  • trouble breathing, or breathing quickly
  • not getting enough fluids
  • not being able to eat
  • not waking up
  • not interacting or not wanting to be held
  • skin that’s blue in color
  • fever that comes with a rash
  • fewer wet diapers than usual
  • symptoms that seem to improve, but then return or worsen

 

Outlook

 

If you come down with the flu, your symptoms will typically resolve on their own within a week. Prescribed antiviral medication may reduce this duration.

But if you have a high risk for complications or start to experience the more severe symptoms outlined above, contact your doctor right away.

 
Healthline has strict sourcing guidelines and relies on peer-reviewed studies, academic research institutions, and medical associations. We avoid using tertiary references. You can learn more about how we ensure our content is accurate and current by reading our editorial policy.
 
 
Medically reviewed by Stacy Sampson, D.O. — Written by Jill Seladi-Schulman, Ph.D. — Updated on June 12, 2019
 
 
 
 
 

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Flu Shot: Learn the Side Effects

About the flu shot

Every year, people protect themselves from influenza, or the flu, by getting the flu vaccine. This vaccine, which typically comes as a shot or nasal spray, can reduce your chances of getting the flu by as much as 60 percentTrusted Source.

Most side effects from the flu shot are typically mild. However, in rare cases, they can be severe. Before you get your flu shot, you may want to know what to expect.

A mercury-based preservative called thimerosal is used in some multidose vials of the flu vaccine. It’s used to prevent bacteria and other germs from growing.

According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)Trusted Source, thimerosal use in vaccines is safe and causes few side effects.

If you’re concerned about thimerosal, you can ask for a vaccine that doesn’t contain it. This CDC tableTrusted Source lists currently available flu vaccines and whether they contain thimerosal.

 

 

The more common side effects of the flu shot are mild. They’re the same in adults, children, and babies.

Reaction at the injection site

The most common side effect of the flu shot is a reaction at the injection site, which is typically on the upper arm. After the shot is given, you may have soreness, redness, warmth, and in some cases, slight swelling. These effects usually last less than two days.

To help reduce discomfort, try taking some ibuprofen before getting your shot.

Headache and other aches and pains

After your shot, you might have headaches or some achiness and pain in the muscles throughout your body. This also usually happens on the first day and goes away within two days. Taking pain relievers can help ease your discomfort.

It’s controversial whether it’s safe to take acetaminophen or ibuprofen to treat these vaccine side effects.

Some research suggests that these medications might change or decrease how your body responds to the vaccine. One study involving children found that taking acetaminophen or ibuprofen didn’t reduce the body’s response to the flu vaccine.

Other research is mixed. It’s still unclear whether these medications should be avoided.

Dizziness or fainting

You may experience dizziness or fainting with the flu shot. These effects shouldn’t last longer than a day or two. If you tend to get dizzy or faint when getting a shot, be sure to tell your healthcare provider before they give you the flu shot.

You can also try:

  • sitting for a while after you receive the shot
  • having a snack before or after the shot

Fever

A fever of 101°F (38°C) or less is a common side effect of the flu shot. A slight fever is considered a mild side effect. It should go away within a day or two.

If the fever bothers you, you can consider taking ibuprofen or acetaminophen.

As noted above, some concern has been raised about both acetaminophen and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, including ibuprofen or naproxen. The concern is that these medications could diminish the body’s response to vaccines. However, research isn’t conclusive at this time.

Q:

Does the nasal spray flu vaccine cause different side effects than the flu shot?
 

Anonymous patient

A:

 

Like the flu shot, the flu nasal spray — also called the live attenuated influenza vaccine (LAIV) — may cause headache, dizziness, fainting, and a slight fever.

However, the nasal spray can also cause other side effects that the shot doesn’t, including tiredness, loss of appetite, runny nose, and sore throat.

Please note, the nasal spray isn’t available every year. Check the CDC websiteTrusted Source for more information.

 

Healthline Medical TeamAnswers represent the opinions of our medical experts. All content is strictly informational and should not be considered medical advice.
 

 

Serious side effects

 

Serious side effects are rare with the flu shot, but they can include:

High fever

A fever greater than 101°F (38°C) isn’t common. If you’re concerned about a high fever, call your doctor.

Severe allergic reactions

Rarely, the flu vaccine can cause a severe allergic reaction. Severe allergic reactions usually happen within a few hours of receiving the vaccine. Symptoms include:

If you have any of these symptoms, call your doctor right away. If they’re severe, call 911 or go to the nearest emergency room.

Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS)

In very rare cases, some people who have received the flu vaccine have experienced Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS). GBS is a neurologic condition that causes weakness and paralysis throughout your body. However, it’s not clear if the flu vaccine is the actual cause of GBS in these cases.

GBS is more likely to occur in people who’ve had GBS in the past. Be sure to tell your doctor if you have a history of this condition. That said, having GBS in the past doesn’t always mean you can’t receive the flu vaccine. Talk to your doctor to find out if the flu vaccine is safe for you.

Call your doctor right away if you have symptoms of GBS after receiving the flu shot.

 

Deciding if you should get the flu shot

 

The flu shot is typically recommended for everyone ages 6 months or older. Anyone at risk of serious complications from the flu should also receive the flu shot, which includes:

The shot isn’t recommended for people who:

 

Talk with your doctor

 

The flu shot is a safe, effective treatment with few side effects. Still, if you’re concerned, you can talk to your doctor or pharmacist. They can help you decide if a flu shot is right for you.

Questions you may ask include:

Q:

Can I get a flu shot if I’m allergic to eggs?
 

Anonymous patient

A:

 

Most flu vaccines are made using eggs, so they could cause a reaction in people with an egg allergy. In the past, the CDC advised many people with an egg allergy to avoid getting the flu vaccine.

But now, the CDCTrusted Source says that most people with egg allergies can safely get the flu vaccine.

Whether you can receive the flu vaccine or not depends on how severe your egg allergy is. If you’ve only had hives as a reaction to eggs, you can get any flu vaccine that’s otherwise safe for you.

If you’ve had other symptoms from eggs, such as swelling or lightheadedness, you should only get the flu vaccine from a healthcare provider who’s trained to handle an allergic response.

But if you’ve ever had a severe reaction to eggs, the recommendation is that you should still not get the flu vaccine.

If you have an egg allergy, talk to your doctor about getting a form of the vaccine that’s safe for you.

 

Healthline Medical TeamAnswers represent the opinions of our medical experts. All content is strictly informational and should not be considered medical advice.
 
 
Healthline has strict sourcing guidelines and relies on peer-reviewed studies, academic research institutions, and medical associations. We avoid using tertiary references. You can learn more about how we ensure our content is accurate and current by reading our editorial policy.
 
 
Medically reviewed by Dena Westphalen, Pharm.D. — Written by Tricia Kinman — Updated on August 15, 2019
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

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Infographic: When to See a Doctor for the Flu

Overview

If you get the flu, you’ll likely experience a high fever, sore throat, cough, and lots of aches and pains. You might feel like you don’t need to see a doctor, and opt to treat yourself with extra rest and fluids. But in certain cases, seeing a doctor will help you get better faster and prevent major complications.

Since 2010 in the United States, the flu has resulted in 140,000 to 960,000 hospitalizationsTrusted Source and between 12,000 to 79,000 deaths each year. During the 2017-2018 season, there were at least 185 flu-associated deathsTrusted Source in children, and roughly 80 percent of these deaths occurred in children who hadn’t received a flu vaccination.

Even though most people recover in a week or two at home, the flu shouldn’t be taken lightly. Being aware of when you should see a doctor is important.

 

 

Typical flu symptoms

 

Symptoms of the flu are similar to the common cold, but tend to come on more rapidly and are much more severe.

The most common symptoms of the flu include:

 

Emergency symptoms

 

You should go to the emergency room if you have any of these symptoms:

 

High-risk individuals

 

Some people are at a higher risk of experiencing dangerous flu-related complications, like pneumonia or bronchitis.

You’re considered high risk and should see a doctor at the first signs of the flu if:

If you fit into one of these categories, your doctor may prescribe an antiviral medication. These medications work best when they’re taken within the first 48 hours after symptoms start. The earlier you can see a doctor, the better.

 

Other reasons to see a doctor

 

If you’re not considered high risk and you’re not having severe symptoms, you can likely skip a trip to the doctor and ride out the flu with rest and fluids.

But there are a few other reasons you should plan a doctor’s visit. These include:

  • your fever gets better, then suddenly worsens
  • your symptoms don’t improve within two weeks
  • you can’t get rid of your cough or your cough begins producing thick mucus
  • pain is concentrated in a single area (like your ear, chest, or sinuses)

Most people recover from the flu within a week. But if you start to get better and then rapidly deteriorate and your fever spikes again, this could mean you have a flu complication. The main complications of the flu are infections of the sinuses or lungs (pneumonia).

 

The bottom line

 

If you get sick with the flu and are at high risk of flu complications or you’re concerned about your illness, you can always call your doctor’s office for advice and to find out if they think you should come in.

If you decide to head to the doctor’s office or emergency room, wear a facemask if you have one. Wash your hands and cover your coughs and sneezes to avoid spreading the virus to others.

Getting a flu vaccine can greatly lower your chances of getting the flu. In the 2016–2017 flu seasonTrusted Source, the flu vaccine helped prevent an estimated 5.3 million flu-related illnesses, 2.6 million medical visits, and 85,000 hospitalizations in the United States.

 
Healthline has strict sourcing guidelines and relies on peer-reviewed studies, academic research institutions, and medical associations. We avoid using tertiary references. You can learn more about how we ensure our content is accurate and current by reading our editorial policy.
 
 
Medically reviewed by Daniel Murrell, M.D. — Written by Jacquelyn Cafasso — Updated on February 18, 2020
 
 
 
 

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The Flu: Facts, Statistics, and You

The flu, or influenza, is a contagious respiratory illness caused by viruses that infect the nose, throat, and sometimes the lungs. The flu spreads mostly from person to person, and people with flu are most contagious in the first three to fourTrusted Source days after their illness begins.

The flu can come on suddenly. Early symptoms can include fatigue, body aches and chills, cough, sore throat, and fever. For most people, influenza resolves on its own, but sometimes, the flu, and its complications, can be deadly.

Flu viruses travel through the air in droplets when someone with the infection coughs, sneezes, or talks. You can inhale the droplets directly, or you can pick up the germs from an object and then transfer them to your eyes, nose, or mouth. People with flu can spread it to others up to about six feet awayTrusted Source.

At the time of publishing this article, influenza activity in the United StatesTrusted Source for the 2018-2019 flu season remained low. The proportion of outpatient visits for influenza-like illness increased slightly to 1.7 percent, which is below the national baseline of 2.2 percent.

The 2017-2018 flu season, however, was one of the deadliestTrusted Source in decades, with high levels of outpatient clinic and emergency department visits for flu-like illness and high flu-related hospitalization rates.

You can find out more about flu facts and statistics, below.

 

Prevalence

 

There are four types of influenza viruses: A, B, C, and D. Human influenza A and B viruses cause seasonal epidemics almost every winter in the United States.

Influenza C infections generally cause a mild respiratory illness and are not thought to cause epidemics. Meanwhile, influenza D viruses primarily affect cattle and are not known to infect or cause illness in humans.

Most people who get sick with flu will have mild illness, will not need medical care or antiviral drugs, and will recover in less than two weeks. People at higher risk of developing flu complications include:

The flu has resulted in 9.3 million to 49 million illnessesTrusted Source each year in the United States since 2010. Each year, on average, five to 20 percent of the United States population gets the flu.

It is estimated that the flu results in 31.4 millionTrusted Source outpatient visits and more than 200,000 hospitalizationsTrusted Source each year.

During the severe 2017-2018 flu seasonTrusted Source, one of the longest in recent years, estimates indicate that more than 900,000 people were hospitalized and more than 80,000 people died from flu.

Additionally, as of late October 2018, 185 pediatric deathsTrusted Source had been reported to CDC during the 2017-2018 season. Approximately 80 percent of these deaths occurred in children who had not received a flu vaccination.

Last season took the greatest toll on adults age 65 years and older. About 58 percentTrusted Source of the estimated hospitalizations occurred in that age group.

 

Costs

 

The flu costs an estimated $10.4 billion a year in direct medical expenses and another $16.3 billion in lost earnings annually.

Additionally, the fluTrusted Source causes United States employees to miss approximately 17 million workdays due to flu, which costs an estimated $7 billion a year in sick days and lost productivity.

One report put the estimate of the cost of lost productivity to employers due to the flu in 2017-2018 at more than $21 billion, according to employment consulting firm Challenger, Gray & Christmas. Moreover, an estimated 25 million workers got sick, while $855.68 was the average amount of wages lost due to missing shifts.

A 2018 reportTrusted Source estimated the average annual total economic burden of seasonal influenza to the American healthcare system and society was $11.2 billion. Direct medical costs were estimated to be $3.2 billion and indirect costs $8 billion.

 

Vaccine

 

The single best way to protect against the flu is to get vaccinated each year. The CDC recommendsTrusted Source an annual flu shot for everyone older than six months old.

The flu vaccine is available as an injection or as a nasal spray. The most commonTrusted Source way that flu vaccines are made is using an egg-based manufacturing process that has been used for more than 70 years.

There is also a cell-based production process for flu vaccines, which was approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration in 2012. A third type of vaccine was approved for use in the United States in 2013; this version involves using recombinant technologyTrusted Source.

While the annual influenza vaccine isn’t 100 percent effective, it’s still the best defense against the flu. Vaccine effectivenessTrusted Source can vary from season to season and among different age and risk groups and even by vaccine type.

Recent studiesTrusted Source, however, show that flu vaccination reduces the risk of flu illness by between 40 percent and 60 percent among the overall population during seasons when most circulating flu viruses are well-matched to the flu vaccine.

During the 2016-2017 influenza season, the CDC estimatesTrusted Source that flu vaccine prevented an estimated 5.3 million illnesses, 2.6 million medical visits, and 85,000 hospitalizations associated with influenza.

A 2017 study concluded that flu vaccination reduced the risk of flu-associated death by half among children with underlying high-risk medical conditions. For healthy children, it cut the risk by nearly two-thirds.

Another studyTrusted Source published in 2018 showed getting a flu shot lessened the risk of severe flu among adults and also reduced the severity of illness.

Among adults who were admitted to the hospital with flu, vaccinated adults were 59 percent less likely to have a very severe illness that resulted in intensive care unit admission than those who had not been vaccinated.

The overall vaccine effectiveness of the 2017-2018 flu vaccine against both influenza A and B viruses is estimated to be 40 percentTrusted Source. This means the flu vaccine reduced a person’s overall risk of having to seek medical care at a doctor’s office for flu illness by 40 percent.

For the last several seasons, flu vaccination coverage among children age 6 months to 17 years has remained steady, but has fallen short of national public health goals, which is 80 percent.

During the 2017-2018 season, coverage dropped to 57.9 percent compared with 59 percent the year before. In the same time period, flu vaccination coverageTrusted Source among adults was 37.1 percent, a decrease of 6.2 percentage points from the year before.

For the 2018-2019 season, vaccine manufacturers have estimated that up to 168 million dosesTrusted Source of influenza vaccine will be available in the United States.

 

Complications and mortality

 

Most people who get flu will recover anywhere from a few days to less than two weeks, but high-risk children and adults may develop complications such as:

  • pneumonia
  • bronchitis
  • asthma flare-ups
  • sinus infections
  • heart problems
  • ear infections

The flu is a common cause of pneumonia, especially among younger children, the elderly, pregnant women, or those with certain chronic health conditions or who live in a nursing home. In 2016Trusted Source, influenza and pneumonia were the eighth-leading cause of death in the United States.

People 65 years and olderTrusted Source are at greater risk of serious complications from the flu. Estimates of the number of flu patients who also develop a bacterial infection range from as low as 2 percent to as high as 65 percent, according to one 2016Trusted Source report.

It is estimated that between 70 and 85 percentTrusted Source of seasonal flu-related deaths have occurred in people 65 years and older. Between 50 and 70 percentTrusted Source of seasonal flu-related hospitalizations have occurred among people in that age group.

In addition to the flu shot, the CDC recommends everyday preventative actions like staying away from people who are sick, covering coughs and sneezes, and frequent handwashing.

If you do get the flu, antiviral drugs — which can make the illness milder and shorten the time you are sick — can be prescribed by a doctor and can mean the difference between having a milder illness versus a very serious illness that could result in a hospital stay.

 
Healthline has strict sourcing guidelines and relies on peer-reviewed studies, academic research institutions, and medical associations. We avoid using tertiary references. You can learn more about how we ensure our content is accurate and current by reading our editorial policy.
 
 
Medically reviewed by Deborah Weatherspoon, Ph.D., R.N., CRNA — Written by Jen Thomas — Updated on November 19, 2018
 
 
 
 
 
 

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What to Do (and Not to Do) at the First Sign of the Flu
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